As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body. Dilated cardiomyopathy symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm american heart association. It occurs more frequently in men than in women, and is most common between the ages of 20 and 60 years. A diagram and echocardiogram comparing a normal heart and a heart with dcm are shown in figure 1a and figure 1b. Role of targeted therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy. Around 20 to 50 percent of individuals with dcm have a familial form. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is defined as left ventricular chamber dilation with decreased systolic function fevg diagnosed when the heart is enlarged dilated and the pumping chambers contract poorly usually left side worse than right. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy idc is a clinical diagnosis. Dilated most common cardiomyopathy enlargement of one or both ventricles and systolic dysfunction generally precedes signs and symptoms of hf broad spectrum of cardiac and systemic conditions associated with dcm variety of causes 50% have idiopathic dcm natural history different evolution and presentation. Yet, there are cases combining just mild cardiac dysfunction features and frequent.
Understanding the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy will be critical in the design of treatment modalities to intervene at the molecular level in the initial stages of pathogenesis. Dcm without ph, the percentage of patients with symptoms and signs of. Dilated cardiomyopathy can cause your heart to suddenly stop beating. Dilated cardiomyopathy radiology reference article. Types of cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of the disease. It often leads to heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias especially atrial fibrillation and can lead to sudden death. Pdf cardiomyopathies are group of disease with specifically affect the heart muscles. It is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and typically affects those aged 20 to 60. Determining the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy is a key element in the management and prognosis of a patient with heart failure hf. Men are more likely than women to have this type of cardiomyopathy. This gives the heart a more rounded rather than the normal cone shape. Cardiac cells contain proteins that combine sarcomeres the muscle force. The disease is considered idiopathic if primary and secondary causes of heart disease eg, myocarditis and coronary artery disease are excluded by evaluation including history and physical examination, laboratory testing, coronary angiography to exclude 50.
Dilated cardiomyopathy can appear along a spectrum of no symptoms, subtle symptoms or, in the more severe cases, congestive heart failure chf, which. The resulting damage to the heart muscle is often known as ischemic cardiomyopathy. A rigorous workup can exclude alternative causes of left ventricular lv dilation and dysfunction, identify etiologies that may respond to speci. About one in three cases of congestive heart failure chf is due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods from 1988 to 2014, 952 patients with dcm were consecutively included in the heart muscle disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure, which happens when the heart cant adequately supply the body with blood, according to the mayo clinic.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common of the three types of cardiomyopathy heart muscle disease, the other two being hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Original article clinical characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is best understood as the. In central and south america, chagas disease due to trypanosoma cruzi is the most common infectious cause.
Dilated cardiomyopathy refers to a progressive and an irreversible disease that causes global contractile or systolic dysfunction in combination with heart failure. A diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy requires evidence of dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle or both ventricles eg, left ventricular ejection fraction pdf version. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and several may combine to produce clinical disease in susceptible individuals. Most causes of heart failure arising from dcm occur from pump failure 70%. Common symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue and swelling of the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen and veins in the neck. The left ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged dilated and the muscle wall becomes thinner. Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of dilated.
Nevertheless, the morphology, organ involvement, genetic, etiology. The left ventricle of affected individuals becomes enlarged dilated and cannot pump blood to the body with as much force as a healthy heart can. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is defined by otherwise unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy, with onset in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months of delivery. Dcm is a condition where the heart chambers become enlarged, which affects its ability to pump. It is not known why the viral infection affects the hearts of some people but not most others. The natural history of acute dilated cardiomyopathy ncbi. After exclusion of all identifiable causes except genetic, dcm is traditionally referred to as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. For these individuals, an underlying genetic cause results in a condition that runs in a family and affects only the heart. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be genetic or acquired and typically presents. The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy. Coronary artery disease narrowing of the hearts blood vessels. A diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy requires evidence of dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle or both ventricles eg, left ventricular ejection fraction.
Patients with dcm show typical systolic heart failure symptoms, but, with. In many cases of cardiomyopathy, an exact cause is never known. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy echocardiogram screening and diagnosis cardinal sign is lv hypertrophy of septum and anterolateral free wall variability in hypertrophy dilated left atrium normal to nearnormal ef septum at least 1. The most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are. As the heart becomes weaker heart failure can occur. Dilated cardiomyopathy brazil pdf ppt case reports. More than 20 viruses can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. One of the most common situations is after a viral infection that results in inflammation of the heart myocarditis. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. It is important to note that because the term idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was used before evidence of genetic forms emerged, the.
It is possible that parents, siblings, and even auntsuncles or cousins of an. Pooling of blood stasis in the left ventricle can lead to blood clots, which may enter the bloodstream, cut off the blood supply to vital organs, and cause stroke, heart attack or damage to other organs. The same etiology may not only damage the myocardium. The fundamental cause is unknown and the highest incidence has been reported in subsaharan africa. Although there is a spectrum of disease types, the majority of children are diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy or hcm. Dilated cardiomyopathy also can lead to heart valve problems, arrhythmias irregular heartbeats and blood clots in the heart. The purpose of this study was to document the various causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in a large group of adult patients with congestive heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged. For this reason, familial dcm is reported as a disease.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a disease of the heart muscle which primarily affects the hearts main pumping chamber, the left ventricle. Cardiomyopathy is a rare, yet serious disorder of the heart that stands as a frequent cause of heart failure and the most common cause of heart transplantation in children older than 1 year of age. The frequency of any single specific heart muscle disease is largely unknown. In response to the infection, the body turns against its own heart muscle. Dcm is a major cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation. In this type of cardiac disease, heart chambers enlarge as well as lose the contraction ability. Dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Dilated left ventricle with systolic dysfunction not caused by ischaemic or valvular heart disease cardiac dilatation with systolic dysfunction 3. Establishing the diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy cardiovascular disorders msd.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is an important cause of sudden cardiac death scd and heart failure hf and is the leading indication for cardiac transplantation in children and adults worldwide. Dilated cardiomyopathy has many known and probably many unidentified causes see table causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy verywell health. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which one or both of the hearts ventricles becomes weakened and dilated.
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